The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) on Portenta H7 switches between internal and external reference voltage automatically, so unlike some other boards, analogReference() should not be used.
Using the internal reference voltage (3.1 V)
When no external voltage is applied the AREF pin is pulled up to around 3.1 V. This will then be used for the reference voltage. It cannot be changed programmatically, but you can normalize the input by dividing the measured value by the maximum value:
Here’s how you can normalize the input with a 2.0 V maximum:
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0); // read the input pin
float sensorVoltage = sensorValue * (3.1 / 1023.0); // ADC with the full 0 – 3.1 V range
float normalizedVoltage = sensorVoltage / 2.0; // Normalize to a 0 – 2.0 V range
Note that the internal voltage has some noise. If appropriate for your project, you can use a running average in your sketch. For inspiration, see the Smoothing example.
Using an external reference voltage
Any external voltage applied to the AREF pin will be automatically used as the reference, you do not have to configure this in the sketch.
The voltage needs to be above 0 V, and no more than 3.1 V.
