AREF means Analog REFerence. It allows us to feed the Arduino a reference voltage from an external power supply in order to configure the reference voltage used for analog input (i.e. the value used as the top of the input range).

For example, if we want to measure voltages with a maximum range of 3.3V, we would feed a nice smooth 3.3V into the AREF pin – perhaps from a voltage regulator IC. Then the each step of the ADC would represent 3.22 millivolts.

The function that allows us to change the reference voltage in our sketch is analogReference(). It Configures the reference voltage used for analog input (i.e. the value used as the top of the input range).

To find out more about the analogreference() function and how to use it with all different Arduino board types click on this link.